...after ventral bulla osteotomy) Figure 8. Horner’s syndrome in a cat after ventral bulla osteotomy on the left side. The cat’s left third eyelid has come up to block a...
...hypercalcemia and presence of lymph node involvement. Surgical removal of these nodes can produce long-term relief of constipation. Some animals have had multiple surgeries to remove recurrent lymph nodes to...
...character of all the mammary masses and assess local lymph node enlargement. Other procedures are performed to stage the cancer (determine what type it is and where it is located...
...(black arrow) is separated from the ear canal by the ear drum or “tympanic membrane”. This bony sac, or bulla, contains the openings to the inner ear where the hearing...
...the chest cavity (Figure 1). Bullae and blebs are most commonly found in dogs with no concurrent lung disease and is the most common cause of spontaneous pneumothorax. Bullae and...
...longer when the tumor is smaller or located on the periphery of the lung lobe (15–17.5 months), when the lymph nodes are small (20 months) and when the tumor can...
...analysis of the tumor has been performed. The tumor is removed and submitted for histopathology. Metastasis (spread of tumor cells) occurs first at the local lymph nodes and then potentially...
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